Cyclic monomers derived from trifluoropyruvate esters

ABSTRACT

Perhalogenated dioxoles, halogenated dioxolanes, a process for making the dioxoles and dioxolanes, and polymers of dioxole and dioxolane monomers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

Halogenated cyclic monomers, i.e., dioxoles and dioxolanes, preparation thereof and polymers thereof.

2. State of the Art

U.S. Pat. No. 2,925,424 discloses cyclic fluoroketals of the formula ##STR1## prepared by reacting fluoroketones with β-haloethanol. R_(x) and R_(y) are perhalohydrocarbyl radicals of 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and R_(z) is a divalent hydrocarbyl or halohydrocarbyl radical of 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,865,845 and 3,978,030 disclose fluorinated dioxoles of the formula ##STR2## where R¹ and R² are both perhalogenated hydrocarbyl radicals of 1 to 3 carbon atoms containing at least one F atom, and preparation of said dioxoles by reacting the corresponding dioxolanes with Mg. The dioxolanes are prepared by fluorination with SbF₃ -SbCl₅ at 120° C. of 2,2-bis-(perhaloalkyl)-4,4,5,5-tetrachloro-1,3-dioxolanes, which in turn are prepared from haloketones in accordance with the method described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,925,424 cited above.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,555,100 discloses the decarbonylation of fluorocarboxylic acid fluorides in the presence of SbF₅.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,308,107 discloses perfluoro-2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, its preparation from perfluoro-2,4-dimethyl-2-fluoroformyl-1,3-dioxolane, and polymers thereof.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,532,725 discloses the photochlorination of alkyl and aralkyl ester groups of fluorinated esters in the presence of Cl₂, UV radiation and, optionally, CCl₄ as solvent.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,557,165 discloses the conversion to acyl halides, in the presence of Lewis acids, of fluorinated esters wherein the ester groups contain polyhalogenated alkyl or aralkyl groups. The disclosed Lewis acids include FeCl₃, SbCl₅, ZnCl₂, ZnCl₄, BF₃, BCl₃, MoCl₅, tin chlorides and metal chlorides, bromides and iodides such as ZrI₄ and antimony bromide.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,316,216 discloses the preparation of fluorinated dioxolanes of the formula ##STR3## where R, R' and R" can include H, hydrocarbyl, haloalkyl and various other carbon-containing groups, and X and X¹ can include H, halogen and perfluoroalkyl, from fluoroketones and epoxides.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,324,144 discloses fluorodioxolanes ##STR4## prepared from ketones and epoxides.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,749,791 discloses halogen-substituted 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolanes ##STR5## where X is Cl or F and X' is H, Cl, or F, and their preparation by hydrogenation of 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention concerns halogenated dioxolanes of the formula: ##STR6## wherein:

X₁ is selected from the group consisting of Cl, F, COF, COCl, CO₂ CCl₃, CO₂ R and CO₂ M;

R is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;

R_(F) is perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;

M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal ion and ammonium;

X₂, X₃, X₄ and X₅, independently, are selected from the group consisting of H, Cl and F; with the proviso that when

X₂, X₃, X₄ and X₅ are each H, X₁ is CO₂ R or CO₂ M.

The halogenated dioxolanes described above can be depicted subgenerically by formulas I and II: ##STR7## wherein:

X₁, R, R_(F), and M are as defined above; and

X₂, X₃, X₄ and X₅, independently, are Cl or F.

This invention also concerns dioxolanes of the formula: ##STR8## wherein

X₂, X₃, X₄ and X₅, independently, are Cl or F, provided that at least two are F.

This invention also concerns perhalogenated dioxoles of the formula: ##STR9## wherein Y₁, Y₂ and Y₃, independently, are F or Cl.

This invention also concerns homopolymers and copolymers of monomers III and IV; a coating solution comprising one or more polymers derived from III or IV; one or more polymers derived from III or IV coated on a cellulosic substrate; films of polymers derived from III or IV; and a process for making the cyclic compounds I, II, III and IV.

Hereafter, the term "polymer(s)" is intended to include homopolymer(s), copolymer(s), terpolymer(s), etc., depending on the context in which the term is used.

Dioxolanes I are prepared by reacting a fluorinated keto ester of the formula R_(F) COCO₂ R wherein R_(F) and R are as defined above, with (i) a compound of formula HORX where X is the nonproton radical of a hydrogen acid, HX, and R is a divalent ethylene radical or haloethylene radical, or (ii) ethylene oxide, in the presence of a solid basic salt such as potassium carbonate optionally slurried in an inert liquid such as n-pentane.

Dioxolanes II, wherein X₁ is Cl, COCl or CO₂ CCl₃ and X₂ to X₅ are each Cl, are prepared by chlorinating dioxolane I in the presence of ultraviolet radiation in a chlorinated solvent such as CCl₄ below about 80° C., or in the absence of solvent at a temperature above 80° C. The former procedure which is preferred increases the yield of dioxolane II wherein X₁ is CO₂ CCl₃.

Although photochlorination also provides dioxolanes II wherein X₁ is COCl or Cl, the acyl chloride wherein X₁ is COCl is prepared in higher yield by elimination of phosgene from dioxolane II wherein X₁ is CO₂ CCl₃ in the presence of selected metal chlorides, particularly cesium chloride.

Fluorine-containing species of dioxolanes II are prepared by treating the chlorinated species, prepared as just described, with various fluorinating agents including, but not limited to, SbF₃ in the presence of SbCl₅ or SbF₅, HF in the presence of Cr₂ O₃, or metal fluorides, MF, where M is an alkali metal or ammonium. Alkali metal fluorides, particularly KF or NaF, are especially useful for converting COCl to COF in formula II dioxolanes wherein X₁ is COCl. Stronger fluorinating agents such as SbF₃ -SbCl₅ or HF-Cr₂ O₃ are necessary to replace Cl in the 4- or 5-positions with F and/or to prepare species wherein X₁ is F.

Unsaturated dioxolanes of formula III are prepared by pyrolysis of formula II dioxolanes wherein X₁ is CO₂ M and at least two of X₂ to X₅ are F; the starting dioxolanes are metal salts and are prepared by treating an appropriate formula II dioxolane wherein X₁ is COCl or COF with an alkali such as Na₂ CO₃ or Na₃ PO₄. When the reaction is carried out in a high-boiling aprotic solvent medium such as tetraglyme, the resulting salt can be directly pyrolyzed to the dioxolanes of formula III without prior isolation, by heating the dissolved salt at a temperature in the range of about 140° to 200° C. Alternatively, the salts can be isolated and separately pyrolyzed in a high-boiling aprotic solvent such as tetraglyme. If salts of a formula II dioxolane wherein X₂ to X₅ contain less than two fluorines are pyrolyzed under the above conditions, the principal products are dioxoles of formula IV wherein Y₁ and Y₂ are Cl and Y₃ is Cl or F.

Dioxoles of formula IV can also be prepared by contacting and reacting a dioxolane of formula II wherein X₁ is Cl or F and at least one of X₂ to X₅ is Cl, with metallic magnesium in the presence of a catalytic quantity of iodine, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,865,845 (Example 2), or a combination of mercuric chloride and iodine. The combination mercuric chloride/iodine catalyst is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 292,060 filed in the name of Edward N. Squire on Aug. 12, 1981.

DETAILS OF THE INVENTION

The monomers of formulas III and IV can be homopolymerized, or copolymerized with one or more polyhalogenated vinyl monomers of the formula

    CZ.sup.1 Z.sup.2 ═CF.sub.2

wherein:

Z¹ is H, F or Cl;

Z² is H, F, Cl or OR_(F) ;

R_(F) is perhaloalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, --CF₂ --_(n) CF═CF₂, or ##STR10##

n is an integer of 0 to 6;

Z³ is SO₂ F, CO₂ R or CN; and

R is defined above. Tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoromethylvinyl ether and perfluorodivinyl ether are preferred comonomers. Polymers of this invention will usually contain about 0.5 to 100 mol percent of units derived from monomers of this invention.

The polymers are prepared by well-known free-radical polymerization techniques, particularly those employed for copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene which are described in the literature. Preferably, polymerization is carried out in nonaqueous media in a perfluorinated or fluorine-containing perhalogenated solvent such as perfluorodimethylcyclobutane or 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane and the like. Useful free-radical initiators include a perfluorocarbon peroxide such as perfluoropropionyl peroxide or an azo compound such as azo-bis(isobutyronitrile) and the like. Temperatures are in the range of 0° to 200° C. and pressures can vary from subatmospheric to about 200 atmospheres.

The polymers of this invention are amorphous and have high glass transition temperatures, in the range of about 90° C. to about 180° C., and low refractive indices, in the range of about 1.2 to 1.5. They are moldable and melt-extrudable and can also be cast from solution, providing chemically and thermally stable molded objects, films, and coatings for substrates such as wood, paper, glass and metal, said films and coatings having high clarity suitable for protective packaging.

Table 1 lists several representative halogenated dioxolanes, I and II, which are illustrated in the Examples. R_(F) is CF₃ in each case.

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                         X.sub.1   X.sub.2 X.sub.3 X.sub.4                                                                              X.sub.5                                                                            Species Code                               ______________________________________                                         CO.sub.2 R                                                                               H       H       H     H   3                                          CO.sub.2 CCl.sub.3                                                                       Cl      Cl      Cl    Cl  4                                          Cl        Cl      Cl      Cl    Cl  5                                          COCl      Cl      Cl      Cl    Cl  6                                          COCl      Cl      F       Cl    F   7                                          CO.sub.2 M                                                                               Cl      F       Cl    F    7a                                        F         Cl      F       Cl    F   8                                          F         Cl      Cl      Cl    F   9                                          COCl      Cl      F       Cl    Cl  13                                         CO.sub.2 M                                                                               Cl      F       Cl    Cl  14                                         Cl        Cl      F       Cl    Cl  15                                         CO.sub.2 M                                                                               Cl      Cl      Cl    Cl  16                                         Cl        Cl      F       Cl    F   17                                         COF       Cl      Cl      Cl    Cl  21                                         ______________________________________                                    

Table 2 lists several representative perhalogenated dioxoles, IV, which are illustrated in the Examples. R_(F) is CF₃ in each case.

                  TABLE 2                                                          ______________________________________                                         Y.sub.1    Y.sub.2   Y.sub.3                                                                              Species Code                                        ______________________________________                                         F          F         F     11                                                  F          Cl        F     12                                                  Cl         F         Cl    18                                                  Cl         Cl        Cl    19                                                  Cl         F         F     20                                                  ______________________________________                                    

In the following Examples, parts and percentages are by weight and temperatures are in degrees Celsius, unless otherwise specified. Compounds are coded as in Tables 1 and 2.

EXAMPLE 1 2-Carboxymethyl-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolane (3)

A 500 ml, 4-necked flask with stirrer, condenser, dropping funnel, and thermometer were dried in an oven overnight, assembled while hot and cooled in a stream of dry nitrogen. The flask was charged with 31.2 g of methyl trifluoropyruvate in 100 ml of petroleum ether. To the stirred mixture was added 25.0 g of β-bromoethanol. When the temperature reached 35° C., the mixture was cooled in an ice bath and stirred for 1/2 hour. It was warmed to room temperature and 28 g of anhydrous potassium carbonate was added and the mixture was stirred vigorously. The reaction was exothermic; the reaction mixture was cooled externally and stirring continued. After 4 hours, 100 ml of anhydrous ether was added which caused the pasty mixture to become one liquid phase with finely dispersed solid present. The solid was separated by filtration and the solvents were removed from the residue. Distillation afforded 28 g or 70% of 2-carboxymethyl-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolane, b.p. 69° to 70.5° C. at 7 mm, n_(D) ²⁵ 1.3762. A heart cut, b.p. 70.5° C. at 7 mm, was pure.

Anal. Calcd. for C₆ H₇ F₃ O₃ O₄ : C, 36.01; H, 3.53; F, 28.48. Found: C, 36.00; H, 3.54; F, 28.50. The infrared spectrum was consistent with the structure, and the proton NMR determined on the A-60 with tetramethylsilane as an external standard showed an unsplit resonance at 6.38 ppm area ratio 3 for a second unsplit resonance at 5.97 ppm area ratio 4.

EXAMPLE 2

A 500 ml, 3-necked flask fitted with a water-cooled condenser, thermometer, magnetic stirrer and pressure-equalizing dropping funnel was flamed out and charged with 16.1 g (0.20 mol) of β-chloroethanol. The flask was cooled to 0° and 31.2 g (0.20 mol) of methyl trifluoropyruvate was added slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min while maintaining temperature below 10° during the exothermic reaction.

Then, 80 ml of 30° to 60° petroleum ether was added to the flask and warmed to room temperature. K₂ CO₃ (27.6 g) was added in twelve 2.3 g portions during 1 hour. Stirring was continued for a further 2 hours and 150 ml of water was added with stirring to dissolve solids. Three liquid layers were obtained. The middle (aqueous) layer was extracted into petroleum ether and the extract was combined with the original upper layer, washed with 25 ml of water, dried over CaCl₂ and evaporated using a rotary evaporator. The yellow residue and the residue obtained by evaporating the original lower layer, had identical IR spectra consistent with the structure ##STR11##

EXAMPLE 3

To methyl trifluoropyruvate (176 g, 1.14 mol) in a 4-liter beaker was added rapidly 92 g (1.14 mol) of ethylene chlorohydrin with some cooling by ice bath to keep below 60°. When addition was complete and after cooling to room temperature, 400 ml of petroleum ether (b.p. 30° to 60°) was added followed by 158 g (1.14 mol) of potassium carbonate. The mixture was stirred occasionally with a metal spatula to break up the solid. When gas evolution ceased, the mixture was heated on a steam bath until the petroleum ether evaporated. Water (500 ml) was then added to dissolve the solid, the lower layer containing 2-carboxymethyl-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolane was separated (150 g, 65%); dried and distilled, b.p. 66°/5 mm.

EXAMPLE 4 2-Carboxytrichloromethyl-2-trifluoromethyl-4,4,5,5-tetrachloro-1,3-dioxolane (4) ##STR12##

Chlorination of 144 g of 3, prepared as in Example 3, was carried out in pyrex glass next to a sunlamp; chlorine gas was bubbled in rapidly. No solvent was used. Heat from the sunlamp induced refluxing. After passing through a water condenser, off-gas was passed through an ice-cooled trap and then a water scrubber to remove HCl. The reaction was monitored by gas chromatography. Dioxolane 4 was obtained together with dioxolanes 5 and 5.

EXAMPLE 5 ##STR13##

Dioxolane 3 (336.3 g), prepared as in Example 3, was charged to a 1.5 liter aluminum foil-wrapped glass reactor, together with 300 ml of carbon tetrachloride solvent. A quartz, water-cooled cold-finger containing a mercury-vapor lamp was inserted into the reactor. Chlorine gas was added, with stirring, the lamp was turned on, and the progress of the reaction was monitored by gas chromatography of distilled samples. After 16 h of reaction, 769.1 g of distillate containing 90% of 4 (93% yield) was obtained.

EXAMPLE 6 2-Trifluoromethyl-2,4,4,5,5-pentachloro-1,3-dioxolane (5) and 2-Chloroformyl-2-trifluoromethyl-4,4,5,5-tetrachloro-1,3-dioxolane (6) ##STR14##

A solution of 59 g of 3 in 50 ml of CCl₄ was irradiated for 30 h with a mercury vapor lamp while bubbling in Cl₂. During the run, CCl₄ was depleted so that higher temperatures were obtained. From this run there was obtained 22 g of 5, b.p. 72°/22 mm and 14 g of 6, b.p. 79°/15 mm, IR 5.52μ (C═O).

Anal. Calcd. for C₄ Cl₅ F₃ O₂ : C, 15.28; Cl, 56.40; F, 18.13. Found for 5: C, 15.57; Cl, 57.23; F, 18.17. Anal. Calcd. for C₅ Cl₅ F₃ O₃ : C, 17.54; Cl, 51.79; F, 16.65. Found for 6: C, 17.67; Cl, 50.93; F, 16.77.

EXAMPLE 7 2-Chloroformyl-2-trifluoromethyl-4,4,5,5-tetrachloro-1,3-dioxolane (6) ##STR15##

Cesium chloride (10 g) was added to 572 g of the perchloroester 4 which was subjected to distillation at atmospheric pressure. Phosgene collected in a Dry Ice-acetone cooled trap attached to the still while 395 g (89%) of acid chloride 6 distilled at 188° C. The product was redistilled at 144°/200 mm (356 g) to remove a small amount of dissolved phosgene.

EXAMPLE 8 Fluorination of 2-carboxytrichloromethyl-2-trifluoromethyl-4,4,5,5-tetrachloro-1,3-dioxolane (4) ##STR16##

Refluxing the perchloroester 4 with SbF₃ -SbCl₅ resulted in loss of phosgene and decarbonylation to give mainly dioxolanes 8 and 9. A very small amount of acid chloride survived to give 7.

Antimony trifluoride (162 g) was ground in a mortar, placed in a two liter 3-neck flask which was evacuated, and flame heated with shaking to dryness. After cooling the flask and filling with nitrogen, 100 g of 4 and 7 ml of SbCl₅ were added. The mixture was refluxed (water condensed with Dry Ice trap attached) for about 4 h when the reflux temperature had dropped to 80° and phosgene had collected in the trap. Volatile material from the flask which distilled under vacuum with steam bath heating to a liquid nitrogen-cooled trap was transferred to a still and distilled at atmospheric pressure. There was collected 27.5 g (46%) of 8,4,5-dichloro-2,4,5-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolane, b.p. 68° to 69°.

Anal. Calcd. for C₄ Cl₂ F₆ O₂ : C, 18.13; Cl, 26.76; F, 43.03. Found: C, 17.93; Cl, 26.80; F, 42.78.

In addition, there was distilled 21 g (33%) of 9, 4,4,5-trichloro-2,5-difluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolane, b.p. 99° to 100°. Anal. Calcd. for C₄ Cl₃ F₅ O₂ : C, 17.07; Cl, 37.80; F, 33.76. Found: C, 16.89; Cl, 37.44; F, 33.56.

Finally, there was recovered about 1 g of 7, 2-chloroformyl-2-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dichloro-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolane, b.p. 126° to 128°, IR, 5.54μ (C═O). Anal. Calcd. for C₅ Cl₃ F₅ O₃ : C, 19.41; Cl, 34.38; F, 30.70. Found: C, 19.51; Cl, 35.27; F, 30.45.

EXAMPLE 9 Fluorination of 2-chloroformyl-2-trifluoromethyl-4,4,5,5-tetrachloro-1,3-dioxolane (6) ##STR17##

In the reaction with SbF₃ -SbCl₅ the number of chlorine atoms replaced by fluorine depends on the amount of SbF₃ used and on the temperature of reaction. In this Example using only steam bath heating, an appreciable amount of 13 was isolated.

A mixture of 356 g (1.04 mol) of 6, 326 g of (1.82 mol) dry SbF₃ and 5 ml of SbCl₅ was heated on a steam bath for 5 h and the products isolated for distillation by vacuum distillation to a liquid nitrogen-cooled trap as above. Distillation of the mixture gave about 15 g (4.4%) of 8, b.p. 68°; 17 g (4.6%) of 9, b.p. 100°; 148 g (37%) of 7, b.p. 126°; and 101 g (24%) of 13, 2-chloroformyl-2-trifluoromethyl-4,5,5-trichloro-4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolane, b.p. 153°, IR, 5.33μ (C═O).

Anal. Calcd. for C₅ Cl₄ F₄ O₃ : C, 18.43; Cl, 43.52; F, 23.32. Found: C, 18.72; Cl, 42.35; F, 23.76.

EXAMPLE 10

Using higher temperature than in Example 9, no 13 was isolated: A mixture of 212 g (0.62 mol) of 6, 166 g (0.93 mol) of flame and vacuum dried SbF₃, and 10 ml of SbCl₅ was refluxed for 3 h when the temperature had dropped to 96°. The crude product, isolated as in Example 9, was distilled to give about 70 g (43%) of 8, 9 g (5%) of 9 and 47 g (24%) of 7, with the balance largely high-boiling residue.

EXAMPLE 11 2-Fluoroformyl-2-trifluoromethyl-4,4,5,5-tetrachloro-1,3-dioxolane (21) ##STR18##

A mixture of 50 g (0.15 mol) of the acid chloride 6, 35 g (0.60 mol) of flame and vacuum dried KF and 50 ml of tetramethylene sulfone was stirred while heating on an 18 inch spinning band still. There was collected 11 g (22%) of the acid fluoride 21, b.p. 156° to 157°, IR 5.33μ (C═O).

Anal. Calcd. for C₅ Cl₄ F₄ O₃ : C, 18.43; Cl, 43.52; F, 23.32. Found: C, 18.55; Cl, 43.72; F, 23.38.

EXAMPLE 12 2,4,5-Trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxole (11) and 5-Chloro-2,4-difluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxole (12) and Polymers ##STR19##

Dioxoles were prepared by dehalogenation of halodioxolanes according to the following procedure. The reaction was run in a 250 ml 3-neck flask attached to an 18 inch spinning band still and fitted with a magnetic stirrer, thermometer and septum for a 50 ml hypodermic syringe driven by a Sage pump. The flask was heated by a Glas-Col mantle. The still condenser was cooled by tap water and the 25 ml receiver by a Dry Ice-acetone bath. A Dry Ice-acetone trap attached to the still collected very little condensate.

The system was first evacuated to dryness and filled with nitrogen. Magnesium turnings (15.0 g, 0.63 mol) and 0.2 g each of HgCl₂ and I₂ were then added and the system was reevacuated and flushed with N₂. Then, 80 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran was added, the mixture stirred and brought to boiling (heat turned off when boiling) while adding dioxolane 8 through the Sage pump at the rate of 0.3 ml/min with the still on total reflux. Addition was stopped after 3 ml had been added if the reaction had not yet started (turning black and very exothermic--no heat required). When necessary to start the reaction, 35 μl portions of methyl iodide were added by hypodermic. During addition of all the dichloride (37 g, 0.14 mol) no heat was required to maintain reflux.

When addition was complete, heat was applied and distillate was collected until the 25 ml receiver was about full. Product (b.p. 15° to 16°) had already collected to the receiver during the run. The cold distillate was added to ice water in a separatory funnel, shaken and the bottom layer stored cold.

Combined crude products (230 g) from 13 runs (488.5 g of dichloride 8) on distillation gave 123 g (34%) of the dioxole 11, b.p. 15° to 16°, IR 5.27 (C═C); 41 g (11%) of the dioxole 12, b.p. 47°, IR 5.53μ (C═C); and 64.5 g of recovered 5 as pot residue.

Final purification of both 11 and 12 involved passing the vapors through sintered glass bubblers containing, successively, 2% K₂ CO₃ and distilled water to remove traces of tetrahydrofuran followed by passing the vapors over P₂ O₅. The condensed materials were stored at -50° in stainless steel cylinders.

Compound 11 readily formed homopolymer and copolymers with TFE in F-113 (1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoromethane) using perfluoropropionyl peroxide as catalyst at room temperature. Compound 12 formed copolymers with TFE.

EXAMPLE 13 5-Chloro-2,4-difluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxole (12) ##STR20##

Example 12 was repeated except that dioxolane 9 was substituted for 8. A sample of 10 g (48% yield) of purified dioxole 12 was obtained from 28.2 g (0.1 mol) of 9 and 7.3 g (0.3 mol) of magnesium.

EXAMPLE 14 2-Chloro-2-trifluoromethyl-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole (20) and Polymer ##STR21##

To a stirred mixture of 15 g (0.63 mol) of Mg turnings, 0.2 g each of HgCl₂ and I₂ and 80 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran was added 25 g of 17 by Sage pump at 0.3 ml/min. There was then distilled 50 ml of a mixture which was washed with ice water to give 16 g of heavy layer. Distillation gave 2 g of 20, b.p. 43°. This material was carried as vapor by a stream of nitrogen through fritted discs through 2% K₂ CO₃ and finally distilled water. The condensate (Dry Ice-acetone trap) was passed as vapor over KOH pellets and P₂ O₅ and condensed in a polymer tube with 30 μl of 9% perfluoropropionyl peroxide catalyst in trichlorotrifluoroethane. After standing at room temperature overnight and heating 2 h in a steam bath, there was recovered 2 g of polymer (vacuum dried at 100°).

EXAMPLE 15 2,4,5-Trichloro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxole ##STR22##

Dioxoles were prepared by dehalocarbonylation of chloroformyl dioxolanes according to the following procedure. The acid chloride 6 was converted to a carboxylic salt 16 which was decomposed without isolation to the dioxole 19 in a high-boiling, aprotic solvent.

The reaction was carried out in a two liter 3-neck flask fitted with a thermometer, dropping funnel, large magnet for stirring and Vigreaux still head. The flask was evacuated, filled with nitrogen and, then, 32 g (0.3 mol) of Na₂ CO₃ (dried at 550°) was added under nitrogen followed by 50 ml of dry tetraglyme. Acid chloride 6 (34 g, 0.1 mol) was then added dropwise with stirring which was exothermic to about 60°. The dropping funnel was then replaced with a plug and heat applied with a Glas-Col mantle. A vacuum of about 250 mm was applied to the system through Dry Ice and liquid nitrogen traps. At about 150° vigorous evolution of CO₂ began and distillate was collected at about 80°/250 mm. This was washed with water, dried and distilled at atmospheric pressure to give 20 (16.7 g, 69%) b.p. 110°. It was characterized by Raman absorption (1692 with 5145 Å laser). ¹³ C NMR and analyses.

Anal. Calcd. for C₄ Cl₃ F₃ O₂ : C, 19.74; Cl, 43.70; F, 23.42. Found: C, 20.00; Cl, 40.72; F, 23.09.

EXAMPLE 16 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxole (18) and 2,4,4,5-Tetrachloro-5-fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolane (15) ##STR23##

The reaction was similar to that of Example 15. Dioxole 18 was the principal product isolated.

From 55 g (0.17 mol) of 13 with 55 g Na₂ CO₃ in 75 ml of tetraglyme there was obtained 25.5 g of crude, water-washed product. Distillation gave 15.5 g (41%) of 18, b.p. 77°, IR 5.54μ (C═C) and 3.2 g (6%) of 15, b.p. 129°.

Anal. Calcd. for C₄ Cl₂ F₄ O₂ : C, 21.17; Cl, 31.24; F, 33.49. Found for 18: C, 21.30; Cl, 28.19; F, 27.95. Calcd. for C₄ Cl₄ F₄ O₂ : C, 16.14; Cl, 47.61; F, 25.51. Found for 15: C, 17.63; Cl, 43.58; F, 27.28.

EXAMPLE 17 Perfluoro-2-methylene-4,5-dichloro-1,3-dioxolane III, Polymers Thereof, and 2,4,5-Trichloro-4,5-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolane (17) ##STR24##

This reaction was carried out as described in Example 15 except that after formation of salt 7a by addition of Na₂ CO₃ to 7, full vacuum (1 mm) was applied to the system through Dry Ice and liquid nitrogen traps in series.

Each run used about 113 g (1.1 mol) of dried Na₂ CO₃, 150 ml of dry tetraglyme and 110 g (0.35 mol) of 4. From five runs using 546 g of 7 there was obtained 235.5 g of crude product. Distillation gave 79 g (20%) mostly 21, b.p. 83° to 87°; 109 g (22%) mostly 17, b.p. 93° to 97°; 8 g of a product, b.p. 110° to 117°/50 mm and 18 g of another product, b.p. 120°/50 mm. All products appeared to be relatively pure by gas chromatography with isomer separation for 17.

An additional three runs using 340 g of 7 gave 165.5 g of impure product which was distilled to give 54 g (22%) of III, 75 g (24%) of 17, 15.5 g of high boilers.

Compound III readily gave homopolymer and copolymers with TFE in F-113 solvent using perfluoropropionyl peroxide as catalyst.

Anal. Calcd. for C₄ Cl₂ F₄ O₂ : C, 21.17; Cl, 31.24; F, 33.49. Found homopolymer of III: C, 21.04; Cl, 31.35; F, 33.75.

EXAMPLE 18 2,4,5-Trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxole(11) and 5-chloro-2,4-difluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxole(12) ##STR25##

The same reaction conditions and reactants were employed as in Example 12 except that no HgCl₂ was added. Dioxolane 8 (34 grams), 15 g of Mg turnings and 0.2 g of I₂ in 80 ml of tetrahydrofuran were employed. There were obtained 15.5 g of products which, by gas chromatographic analysis, were found to comprise dioxole 11 (72%) and dioxole 12 (9%).

EXAMPLES 19 TO 22

Clear, waterproof finishes for wood, paper and metals were prepared by mixing, with agitation for 4 to 24 h, various homopolymers and TFE copolymers of monomers III with solvent consisting essentially of isomeric trimers of hexafluoropropene. The mixtures so prepared are summarized below.

    ______________________________________                                                     Wt of Polymer (g)                                                  Exam- Monomer     Homo-    TFE Co-  Vol. of HFP                                ple   III         polymer  polymer  trimers (ml)                               ______________________________________                                         19    11          0.1      --       5                                          20    11          --       0.25     3                                          21    20          0.3      --       5                                          22    12          --       0.1         1.9 g                                   ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLES 23 TO 26

The following clear, viscous coating solutions were obtained by polymerizing monomers of formulas III and IV, or mixtures thereof with TFE, in 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (F-113) solvent, using 20 l of t-butylperacetate (75% in mineral spirits) as catalyst at 100° for 4 h. In the formula III monomer used in Examples 25 and 26, X₂ and X₄ are F, and X₃ and X₅ are Cl.

    ______________________________________                                               Formula III                                                              Exam- Monomer    Formula IV Monomer                                            ple   (g)        Species  Wt (g)                                                                               TFE (g) F-113 (g)                              ______________________________________                                         23    --         20       1.17  0.3     3.4                                    24    --         20       0.9   --      3.72                                   25    2.14       --       --    0.66    16.2                                   26    2.05       --       --    --      16.3                                   ______________________________________                                    

Each of the eight polymer solutions of Examples 19 to 26 was applied to filter paper and to untreated wood and allowed to dry at room temperature. When water was then applied, it was rapidly absorbed in untreated areas, whereas it stood in beads on the treated surfaces until it evaporated.

The polymers adhered very well to the papers so that they could be folded and bent without breaking the protective surface. Adhesion to wood was also very good, with low molecular weight materials giving a penetrating oil-like finish and higher molecular weight material giving a semi-gloss to glossy finish. Coatings that contain polymers of this invention can be employed on various substrates including wood and paper to protect the substrates in caustic and corrosive industrial environments. Disposable paper gloves coated with polymers of this invention would be useful in caustic/corrosive work environments. 

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
 1. A dioxolane of the formula: ##STR26## wherein: X₁ is selected from the group consisting of Cl, F, COF, COCl, CO₂ CCl₃, CO₂ R and CO₂ M;R is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R_(F) is perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal ion and ammonium; X₂, X₃, X₄ and X₅, independently, are selected from the group consisting of H, Cl and F; with the proviso that when X₂, X₃, X₄ and X₅ are each H, X₁ is CO₂ R or CO₂ M.
 2. A dioxolane according to claim 1: ##STR27##
 3. A dioxolane according to claim 1: ##STR28##
 4. A dioxolane according to claim 1 wherein each of X₁ to X₅ is Cl and R_(F) is CF₃.
 5. A dioxolane according to claim 1 wherein each of X₁ to X₅ is F and R_(F) is CF₃.
 6. A dioxolane according to claim 1 wherein X₁ is selected from the group consisting of COF, COCl, CO₂ CCl₃, CO₂ R and CO₂ M, and R_(F) is CF₃.
 7. A dioxolane according to claim 6 wherein X₁ is COCl.
 8. A dioxolane according to claim 7 wherein X₂ to X₅ are each Cl.
 9. A dioxolane according to claim 6 wherein X₁ is CO₂ CCl₃ and X₂ to X₅ are each Cl.
 10. A dioxolane according to claim 6 wherein X₁ is CO₂ M.
 11. A dioxolane according to claim 6 wherein X₁ is COF.
 12. A dioxolane according to claim 10 wherein not more than one of X₂ to X₅ is F.
 13. A dioxolane according to claim 10 wherein at least two of X₂ to X₅ are F.
 14. A dioxolane according to claim 1 wherein X₁ is Cl or F.
 15. A dioxolane according to claim 14 wherein at least one of X₂ to X₅ is Cl.
 16. A dioxolane according to claim 15 wherein R_(F) is CF₃.
 17. A dioxolane according to claim 2 or 3 wherein R_(F) is CF₃.
 18. A dioxolane according to claim 2 wherein R_(F) is CF₃ and R is selected from the group CH₃ and C₂ H₅.
 19. A dioxolane of the formula: ##STR29## wherein X₂, X₃, X₄ and X₅, independently, are Cl or F, provided that at least two are F.
 20. A dioxolane according to claim 19 wherein X₂ and X₄ are F and X₃ and X₅ are Cl.
 21. A dioxolane according to claim 19 wherein each of X₂ to X₅ is F.
 22. A dioxole of the formula: ##STR30## wherein Y₁, Y₂ and Y₃, independently, are F or Cl, and R_(F) is perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
 23. A dioxole according to claim 22 wherein R_(F) is CF₃.
 24. A dioxole according to claim 23 wherein each of Y₁ to Y₃ is F.
 25. A process for preparing a dioxolane of claim 2 comprising reacting a fluorinated keto ester of the formula

    R.sub.F COCO.sub.2 R

with at least one member of the group consisting of 2-chloroethanol, 2-bromoethanol, and ethylene oxide.
 26. A process for preparing a dioxolane of the formula ##STR31## wherein X₁ is selected from the group consisting of Cl, COCl and CO₂ CCl₃, comprising chlorinating a dioxolane according to claim
 2. 27. A process for preparing a dioxolane according to claim 1 wherein X₁ is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, COF and COCl; and X₂, X₃, X₄ and X₅ are F or Cl; at least one of X₁ to X₅ containing F; comprising fluorinating a dioxolane of the formula ##STR32## wherein X₁ is selected from the group consisting of Cl, COCl and CO₂ CCl₃. 